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Judge Cheryl Matthews speaks in court during the Crumbleys sentencing hearing on Tuesday. Pool/WDIVThe judge presiding over the sentencing of James and Jennifer Crumbley said the decision should be a deterrent to try to stop school shootings in the future. "Opportunity knocked over and over again, louder and louder, and was ignored," Judge Cheryl Matthews said. “These convictions confirm repeated acts or lack of acts that could have halted an oncoming runaway train," she added. She said she is "aware of my job in this situation” and promised not to be “swayed by public opinion” when handing down the sentencing decision.
Persons: Cheryl Matthews, James, Jennifer Crumbley, , Matthews, Organizations: Opportunity
“I sit here today to express my deepest sorrows for the families of Hana, Tate, Madisyn, Justin and to all those affected on November 30, 2021,” Jennifer Crumbley said. The parents failed to properly secure the firearm, as James Crumbley hid it in their bedroom but did not use any locking device, the prosecution argued. By contrast, James Crumbley did not testify in his trial, and his attorney argued he simply didn’t know about his son’s plans or mental issues. Still, Jennifer Crumbley was convicted of four counts of involuntary manslaughter in early February, and James Crumbley was convicted of the same counts in March. My actions were that of any other parent,” James Crumbley wrote.
Persons: James, Jennifer Crumbley, Cheryl Matthews, , ” Matthews, James Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley “, Tate, Madisyn, Justin, ” Jennifer Crumbley, ” “, Ethan, Nicole Beausoleil, Madisyn Baldwin, ” Beausoleil, Ethan don’t, , , Justin Shilling’s, Craig, Craig Shilling, Justin Shilling, Bill Pugliano, , Justin’s, Jill Soave, ” Reina St, Juliana, Hana, Karen McDonald, ” McDonald, McDonald, Crumbley, remorseful, James Crumbley’s, Ethan Crumbley, Sig, St, Tate Myre, Jennifer, “ I’ve, ” James Crumbley, Celina Tebor, Nicki Brown, Antoinette Radford, Maureen Chowdhury Organizations: CNN, Oakland, Opportunity, Prosecutors, Oxford High School Locations: Oxford , Michigan, Detroit, Oakland, Hana, Oakland County
At least that’s the argument their lawyers made in court before Ms. Crumbley, last month, and Mr. Crumbley, almost two weeks ago, were convicted of involuntary manslaughter in separate trials. Prosecutors argued that the Crumbleys did not do enough to secure the gun and ignored warning signs that Ethan was planning to use it. After every mass shooting by a teenager at a school, there is an instinct to look to the shooter’s parents to understand what went wrong. His father said the family had a gun safe but the safe’s combination was the default factory setting, 0-0-0. One factor that’s gotten less attention, however, is how the Crumbleys’ attitudes and actions reflect an increasingly insidious gun culture that treats guns as instruments of defiance and rebellion rather than as a means of last resort.
Persons: James, Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan, Sauer, Crumbley, I’ve Organizations: Prosecutors Locations: Michigan
Now, James Crumbley is on trial 06:15 - Source: CNNThe major difference in the trials was Jennifer Crumbley’s decision to testify in her own defense, while James Crumbley did not. On the stand, Jennifer Crumbley pushed blame onto her son, her husband and the school, and she expressed no regret for her actions. James Crumbley, meanwhile, declined to testify. Smith released a statement Thursday saying she and Jennifer Crumbley will not be doing interviews at this time. On the stand, Jennifer Crumbley testified she believed these texts were Ethan “messing around” as part of an ongoing joke about their house being haunted.
Persons: James Crumbley’s, Ethan, Jennifer, James, CNN’s Jean Casarez, Karen McDonald, , ” McDonald, , James Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley’s, Jennifer Crumbley, “ I’ve, Shannon Smith, Cheryl Matthews, “ That’s, ” James, Mariell Lehman, Smith, ” Smith, Lehman, can’t, Lol I’m, James ’, messaged, Ethan “, Edward Wagrowski, SIG Sauer, Derringer Organizations: CNN, Oxford High School, Sauer, SIG, WXYZ Locations: Michigan, Oakland County
A jury found James Crumbley guilty of involuntary manslaughter late Thursday after about 11 hours of deliberation, holding him partially responsible for failing to prevent his son from carrying out Michigan’s deadliest school shooting. Mr. Crumbley’s wife, Jennifer Crumbley, was convicted of identical charges last month in the same Pontiac, Mich., courtroom, after a jury deliberated for roughly the same amount of time. The trials became a lightning rod for issues of parental responsibility at a time of high-profile gun violence by minors. The parenting skills of each defendant came under intense scrutiny, as did the shooter’s access to a handgun that his father had purchased. Now, two separate juries have taken the unusual step of holding a parent criminally responsible for a child’s horrific crimes.
Persons: James Crumbley, Crumbley’s, Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan, Madisyn Baldwin, Tate Myre, Justin Shilling, Hana St, Juliana Organizations: Oxford High School Locations: Mich, Oakland
James Crumbley is set to be sentenced on April 9 at 9 a.m., the judge said in court. James Crumbley was shackled and escorted out of the courtroom after the verdict was read and affirmed by each juror. Nicole Beausoleil, the mother of Madisyn Baldwin, reacts to the jury's verdict in the trial of James Crumbley on March 14, 2024. In Michigan, a parent has a legal duty and James Crumbley did not meet that duty,” she said. “James Crumbley was presented with the easiest, most glaring opportunities to prevent the deaths of these four students, and he did nothing,” McDonald said.
Persons: James Crumbley, Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley, , Nicole Beausoleil, Madisyn Baldwin, Bill Pugliano, Hana St, Juliana, Justin Shilling, Karen McDonald, “ James Crumbley, Mariell Lehman, , James, , McDonald, Robin Buckson, Jennifer Crumbley’s, Jeff Kowalsky, Ethan, , Craig Shilling, Justin Shilling’s, ” Shilling, Steve St, Hana, Buck Myre, Tate Myre’s, it’s, ” Myre, we’ve, Madisyn, ” Beausoleil, James Crumbley’s, Karen, SIG Sauer, Derringer, Prosecutors, Lehman, “ James, Shawn Hopkins, Tate Myre, ” McDonald, ” Lehman Organizations: CNN, Sauer, Oxford High School, Detroit, Prosecutors, Getty, Oxford, Mental, SIG, SIG Sauer, WXYZ, Oxford High, CNN Prosecutors Locations: Michigan, Oakland, AFP, United States, Hana St, Oxford , Michigan
CNN —During a pivotal meeting with school employees hours before the mass shooting at a Michigan high school, James Crumbley told his son there were “people you can talk to,” a school counselor testified Monday in the father’s manslaughter trial. Hopkins testified “on the surface level” it appeared James Crumbley was showing the appropriate level of care for his then-15-year-old son, Ethan Crumbley. The case against James Crumbley, like the one against his wife, is set to test the limits of who is responsible for a mass shooting. James Crumbley did not protest, according to the counselor. “You will not hear that James Crumbley knew what his son was going to do,” she said.
Persons: James Crumbley, , , James, Shawn Hopkins, Hopkins, Ethan Crumbley, James Crumbley’s, Cheryl Matthews, Crumbley, Ethan, James ’, Jennifer Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley’s, Nicholas Ejak, Jennifer, Ejak, ” Ejak, it’s, St, Juliana, Justin Shilling, Madisyn Baldwin, Tate Myre, Marc Keast, ” Keast, Mariell Lehman, Edward Wagrowski, Ethan texted, ’ ” Ethan, Wagrowski, CNN’s Lauren del Valle, Nic F, Anderson Organizations: CNN, Oxford High, Wednesday, Oxford High School, Prosecutors, Oakland, SIG Sauer Locations: Michigan
Prosecutors alleged that the Crumbley parents willfully disregarded warning signs that their son was in crisis, did not heed concerns of school administrators, bought him a gun days before the shooting and failed to lock it up. Yet, research shows that even parents who think their guns are inaccessible to minors are mistaken. Distributed responsibilityMost parents want their children to be safe, yet many continue to enable household access to loaded guns. In fact, a recent study shows that states often loosened gun laws after mass shootings, especially states with Republican legislatures. This case opens the door for parents to be held legally accountable, and reminds all parents of their responsibilities when it comes to gun safety.
Persons: Jennifer Tucker, Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, She’ll, Jennifer Tucker Olivia Drake, Shannon Smith, , Sig Sauer, James Crumbley, , it’s, Payton Gendron, Robert Crimo Organizations: Wesleyan University, Wesleyan’s Center, Guns and Society, Brennan Center for Justice, NYU Law School, CNN, Prosecutors, RMA Armament, Buffalo, Buffalo News, Giffords Law Center, , District of Columbia, American Medical Association, National Rifle Association Locations: Oxford, Michigan, Buffalo , New York, Buffalo, Chicago, Highland Park , Illinois, Illinois, Virginia, American
Jennifer Crumbley looked down at her clasped hands as the verdict was read. Live updates: Jury reaches verdict in Jennifer Crumbley trialJennifer Crumbley exits from the courtroom in shackles on Tuesday after her guilty verdict. Over a week of testimony, law enforcement officials, school employees, shooting victims and those who knew Jennifer Crumbley testified for the prosecution. Jennifer Crumbley took the stand in her own defense and, in a remarkable moment, expressed no regret for her actions. Jennifer Crumbley testified the school meeting was “nonchalant” and “brief.”“We agreed that it might stress him out more to do his school remotely the rest of the day.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, Bill Pugliano, it’s, we’ve, ” Craig Shilling, Justin Shilling, , James, Jennifer Crumbley’s, James Crumbley’s, Ethan, , Karen McDonald, Ethan himself, Shannon Smith, ” Smith, “ I’ve, Hana St, Juliana, Madisyn Baldwin, Tate Myre, Prosecutors, Crumbley, Ethan “, ” McDonald, Tate, Madisyn, Justin Organizations: CNN, Oxford High School, WXYZ, Defense Locations: Oxford , Michigan, Detroit, Oakland
download the appSign up to get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in markets, tech, and business — delivered daily. Read previewIn an unprecedented verdict on Tuesday, Jennifer Crumbley was found guilty for her son's 2021 rampage that left four of his Michigan classmates dead. And the verdict should put parents on alert that they, too, could be held criminally responsible for the heinous acts of their children who have easy access to guns. Prosecutors painted Jennifer Crumbley as an unaware and negligent mother who was consumed with an extramarital affair . Kris Brown, the president of Brady, a non-profit working to prevent gun violence, said that "irresponsible behavior" like that of Jennifer Crumbley "is why 76% of school shooters under the age of 18 get their firearms from home."
Persons: , Jennifer Crumbley, it's, Neama Rahmani, James Crumbley, Rahmani, Karen McDonald, Hana, Juliana, Justin Shilling, Madisyn Baldwin, Mark Bederow, Bederow, Jennifer Crumbley's, bode, Kris Brown, Brady, Brown Organizations: Service, Business, West, Prosecutors, Tate, Defense Locations: Michigan, America, United States, Oakland, Hana St, Manhattan
The guilty verdict on Tuesday against the mother of a Michigan teenager who murdered four students in 2021 in the state’s deadliest school shooting is likely to ripple across the country’s legal landscape as prosecutors find themselves weighing a new way to seek justice in mass shootings. But, legal experts say, don’t expect a rush of similar cases. Ethan pleaded guilty in 2022 and was sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. Ms. Crumbley was convicted on four counts of involuntary manslaughter, one for each student her son killed. She faces a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison, and sentencing is scheduled for April 9.
Persons: , Eve Brensike Primus, , I’m, that’s, That’s, Jennifer Crumbley —, Ethan Crumbley, Ethan, Crumbley Organizations: University of Michigan, Oxford High School Locations: Michigan
A few hours later, Ethan Crumbley pulled a handgun from his backpack and shot 10 students and a teacher, killing four peers. “You saw your son shoot the last practice round before the (school) shooting on Nov. 30. Ethan Crumbley, now 17, pleaded guilty to murder and terrorism and is serving a life sentence. Prosecutors were not required to call him as a witness to try to prove their case against Jennifer Crumbley. It didn't matter: The judge kept him off the witness stand because attorneys for Ethan Crumbley said he would cite his right to remain silent.
Persons: , Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, Cheryl Matthews, , She’s, Ethan Crumbley’s, Sig Sauer, James Crumbley, Marc Keast, Jennifer, , Ed White Organizations: PONTIAC, Oxford High School, , Prosecutors Locations: Mich, Michigan, Detroit, Oakland, U.S
Jennifer Crumbley, along with her husband James Crumbley, were charged with involuntary manslaughter in connection with the massacre, making them the first parents in America to face charges for a mass school shooting carried out by their own child. AdvertisementProsecutors painted Jennifer Crumbley as an unaware and negligent mother who was consumed with an extramarital affair. Prosecutors told jurors that Jennifer Crumbley "abruptly" ended the meeting after just 11 minutes and the parents did not take their son home. Booking photos of James and Jennifer Crumbley. Please don't judge me for what my son did," Jennifer Crumbley said in a text message amid the shooting, said Andrew Smith, the COO of a real-estate company where Jennifer Crumbley worked.
Persons: , Jennifer Crumbley, James Crumbley, Prosecutors, Karen McDonald, could've, McDonald, Hana, Juliana, Justin Shilling, Madisyn Baldwin, James, Jennifer Crumbley's, Shannon Smith, Smith, Andrew Smith, Jennifer Organizations: Service, Oxford High School, Business, Tate, Oakland County Sheriff's Department Locations: Michigan, America, Oakland, Hana St
Mother of Michigan Gunman Found Guilty of Manslaughter
  + stars: | 2024-02-06 | by ( Jacey Fortin | ) www.nytimes.com   time to read: +1 min
Michigan jurors, after 11 hours of deliberations, found Jennifer Crumbley guilty of involuntary manslaughter on Tuesday for the gun rampage committed by her son, who carried out the state’s deadliest school shooting more than two years ago. Ms. Crumbley, 45, was convicted on four counts of involuntary manslaughter, one for each of the four students who were shot to death by her son at Oxford High School on Nov. 30, 2021. The son, Ethan Crumbley, who was 15 at the time, used a pistol to kill Madisyn Baldwin, 17; Tate Myre, 16; Justin Shilling, 17; and Hana St. Juliana, 14. She faces a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison after being convicted of all four counts. Ethan, who pleaded guilty to 24 charges including first-degree murder, was sentenced last year to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, Madisyn Baldwin, Tate Myre, Justin Shilling, Hana St, Juliana, Ethan, Crumbley’s, James Crumbley Organizations: Oxford High School Locations: Michigan
It is the latest development in the shooting that occurred Nov. 30, 2021, in Oxford, Michigan, just north of Detroit. His son Ethan, 15 at the time, posts a photo on Instagram of himself holding the semi-automatic handgun, writing: “Just got my new beauty today. You have to learn not to get caught.” That night, Ethan Crumbley records a video declaring his plan to kill students. Photos You Should See View All 45 ImagesNov. 30, 2021: Ethan Crumbley opens fire at Oxford High School, killing four students. Jan. 24, 2022: Oxford High School reopens for the first time since the attack, with the school’s principal declaring “we are reclaiming our high school back.”Oct. 24, 2022: Ethan Crumbley, 16 at the time, pleads guilty to terrorism and first-degree murder.
Persons: James Crumbley, Sig Sauer, Ethan, , Jennifer Crumbley, he's, “ Lol, I’m, Ethan Crumbley, James Organizations: Acme Shooting Goods, SAUER, Oxford, Oxford High School Locations: Mich, Michigan, Oxford , Michigan, Detroit, Oxford
Over a week of testimony, law enforcement officials, school employees, shooting victims and those who knew Jennifer Crumbley testified for the prosecution. Jennifer Crumbley took the stand in her own defense and, in a remarkable moment, expressed no regret for her actions. Their son Ethan pleaded guilty to one count of terrorism causing death, four counts of murder and 19 other charges related to the deadly rampage. But in her testimony, Crumbley testified that safely storing the gun was her husband’s responsibility. Jennifer Crumbley testified the school meeting was “nonchalant” and “brief.”“We agreed that it might stress him out more to do his school remotely the rest of the day.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, CNN —, Ethan, , Karen McDonald, Ethan himself, Shannon Smith, it’s, ” Smith, “ I’ve, , Crumbley’s, James, Prosecutors, Hana St, Juliana, Justin Shilling, Madisyn Baldwin, Tate Myre, Crumbley, Ethan “, ” McDonald, Tate, Madisyn, Justin Organizations: CNN, Oxford High School, Defense, CNN First Locations: Michigan, Oakland
Prosecutors are seeking to hold Ms. Crumbley partially responsible for the Nov. 30, 2021, shooting at Oxford High School in Michigan. Her son, Ethan Crumbley, who was 15 at the time, killed four classmates at the school and injured seven others, in the deadliest school shooting in the state. “It’s a rare case,” said the Oakland County prosecutor, Karen D. McDonald, who accused Ms. Crumbley of negligence but acknowledged the high burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that she had committed a crime. “It takes the unthinkable,” Ms. McDonald added. “And she has done the unthinkable, and because of that, four kids have died.”
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, Prosecutors, Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, , Karen D, McDonald, Ms Organizations: Oxford High School Locations: Michigan, Oakland County
During cross-examination, the prosecutor reminded Jennifer Crumbley — and the jury — that she could have prevented the bloodshed by taking Ethan Crumbley home hours earlier when confronted with his violent drawing on a math paper. “I could have, yes,” Jennifer Crumbley replied. They are the first parents in the U.S. to be charged in a mass school shooting committed by their child. “It's pretty clear you didn't trust James with much,” Keast said, pointing to messages between the couple. “You didn't trust him to get out of bed on time.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley —, Ethan Crumbley, Marc Keast, , Jennifer Crumbley, ” Keast, James, James Crumbley, Ethan, Keast, , Ed White Organizations: PONTIAC, Locations: Mich, Michigan, U.S
CNN —Jennifer Crumbley, the mother of the teenager who killed four people at a Michigan high school in 2021, admitted under cross-examination at her manslaughter trial that she and her husband gifted their son the firearm later used in the attack. “We didn’t just hand him a gun as ‘here you go son,’” she testified. On cross-examination Friday, the prosecution sought to portray Jennifer Crumbley as an inattentive mother, focused more on her horses and her extramarital affair than on her son’s well-being. Mother places blame on husband, schoolOver several hours Thursday, Jennifer Crumbley testified her husband was responsible for securing the gun he had purchased for their son on Black Friday as a Christmas gift. “As a parent you spend your whole life trying to protect your child from other dangers,” Jennifer Crumbley testified.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, ’ ”, , Marc Keast, , Jennifer Crumbley’s, Ethan himself, “ I’ve, Ethan Crumbley Organizations: CNN, Oxford High School Locations: Michigan, Oakland County, America
Read previewThe jury in Jennifer Crumbley's manslaughter trial is hearing evidence about her Costco parking lot love affair after the judge on Wednesday reversed her decision to keep it out of court. Jennifer and James Crumbley face involuntary manslaughter charges in connection with the Oxford High School shooting in November 2021 carried out by their son. The Crumbleys originally planned to stand trial together but in November requested separate trials after prosecutors claimed in court filings that Jennifer Crumbley blamed her husband for the shooting. At the time, the judge ruled that evidence of the affair would not be allowed at trial. But that ruling was reversed on Wednesday after Brian Meloche — the firefighter with whom Jennifer Crumbley was having the affair — testified .
Persons: , Jennifer Crumbley's, Jennifer, James Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley, Brian Meloche, Shannon Smith, Crumbley, Meloche, Smith, he'd, Julie Nicholson, Nicholson, She's isn't Organizations: Service, Oxford High School, Business, Prosecutors
An investigator read portions of Ethan Crumbley's journal moments before jurors watched a partial video of the shooting, which left four students dead at Oxford High School in 2021. Unlike the jury, Jennifer Crumbley didn't look at the screen and instead cried with her forehead resting on her hands. “I have zero help for my mental problems and it's causing me to shoot up the ... school,” Ethan Crumbley, then 15, wrote in his journal. The Crumbleys are the first parents in the U.S. to be charged in a mass school shooting committed by their child. Their son stayed in school and later pulled a handgun from his backpack to fire at students.
Persons: , Ethan Crumbley's, Jennifer Crumbley didn't, Jennifer Crumbley, James, ” Ethan Crumbley, James Crumbley, Ethan, ___, Ed White Organizations: PONTIAC, Michigan, Oxford High School Locations: Mich, U.S
CNN —The parents of Ethan Crumbley, the teenager who in 2021 opened fire at his high school in Oxford, Michigan, are set to go on trial for manslaughter in a case that will test the limits of who is responsible for a mass shooting. Opening statements in Jennifer Crumbley’s trial are set for Thursday, and James Crumbley’s trial is tentatively scheduled to start March 5. They also say the parents did not mention the gun to school officials in a meeting to discuss Ethan’s disturbing drawings just hours before the fatal shooting. According to a prosecution filing from last year, Jennifer Crumbley “placed blame” on her husband in the shooting, leading to the split. Jennifer Crumbley later posted on her social media, “mom and son day testing out his new Christmas present,” prosecutors said.
Persons: Ethan Crumbley, James, Jennifer Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley’s, James Crumbley’s, “ It’s, , Misty Marris, it’s, , Marris, James Crumbley, Jennifer Crumbley “, Ethan, Jennifer Crumbley texted, Robert Crimo Jr, Frank Vandervort, ” Vandervort, you’ve, Joey Jackson, don’t Organizations: CNN, University of Michigan Law School Locations: Oxford , Michigan, Oxford, Chicago, Highland Park , Illinois, Illinois, Virginia
These starkly different images were presented to jurors in a courtroom in Pontiac, Mich., about 20 miles south of Oxford High School, where the mass shooting took place on Nov. 30, 2021. While the case centered on a momentous legal question — whether parents should be held criminally liable for violent crimes committed by their children — the horror of that day in Oxford hung over the first day of testimony in the trial. School employees, including one who was shot in the arm, testified of the terror they experienced, and surveillance videos of the shooting were played, showing some of the victims. The shooter, Ethan Crumbley, who was 15 at the time, killed four students and injured seven others. He pleaded guilty to 24 charges, including first-degree murder, and was sentenced last month to life in prison without the possibility of parole.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley Organizations: Oxford High School, School Locations: Michigan, Pontiac, Mich, Oxford
PONTIAC, Mich. (AP) — Prosecutors arguing that a Michigan school shooter's mother is partly responsible for the deaths of four students told jurors Thursday that the tragedy could have been easily prevented when she was confronted with his violent drawings just a few hours earlier. “Even though she didn't pull the trigger, she's responsible for those deaths,” Keast said in his opening statement. Jennifer Crumbley, 45, is charged with involuntary manslaughter in the Nov. 30, 2021, attack. “The two people with all of the information, all of the background to put this drawing into context, were James and Jennifer Crumbley,” Keast said. Jennifer Crumbley, who will testify in her own defense, was a “hypervigilant mother who cared more about her son than anything in the world,” Smith said.
Persons: Jennifer Crumbley, Ethan Crumbley, Marc Keast, Jennifer, James Crumbley, ” Keast, James, , Shannon Smith, wasn't, ” Smith, Taylor, ” Ethan Crumbley, Ed White Organizations: PONTIAC, — Prosecutors, Oxford High School, Prosecutors, ” Defense Locations: Mich, Michigan
AdvertisementShannon Smith, an attorney for Jennifer Crumbley, began her opening statement to the jury by reciting a Taylor Swift song. Smith told the jury that much of the evidence they would hear and see is "horrific" and would scare them. According to Smith, Jennifer Crumbley did not know where the family's gun was kept or "how to put it in the car." AdvertisementProsecutor Marc Keast, meanwhile, described Jennifer Crumbley as an unaware mom who had several opportunities to intervene before her 15-year-old murdered his classmates. Opening statements for James Crumbley's trial are scheduled to begin on March 5.
Persons: , Taylor Swift, Jennifer Crumbley, James, Jennifer Crumbly, Shannon Smith, Taylor, Smith, convicting Crumbley, Crumbley's, James Crumbley, Jennifer didn't, Marc Keast, Keast, James Crumbley's Organizations: Service, Business Locations: Michigan, Oxford , Michigan
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